涂层刀具的现状研究邵泽宽西安铁路职业技术学院西安710026.docVIP

涂层刀具的现状研究 邵泽宽 （西安铁路职业技术学院，西安，710026） 摘要：随着工业的发展和进步，传统刀具已经不能满足生产加工需求。涂层刀具与传统刀具相比具有更高的耐磨性、硬度以及热稳定性能等优点，因此，涂层刀具不仅提高了刀具加工效率，而且具有更好的加工精度和疲劳寿命。结合近年来刀具涂层技术的发展状况，介绍了“硬”、“软”两大类涂层材料，涂层材料的制备方法以及表面处理方法对涂层刀具切削性能的影响。常用的两种涂层制备方法为物理气相沉积法和化学气相沉积法。并论述了涂层刀具的发展前景。 关键词：涂层刀具; 涂层材料;制备方法;表面处理方法;发展前景 Research Status on Coated Tools SHAO Zekuan （Xi′an Railway Vocational Technical Institute, Xi′an,710026,China） Abstract: The traditional tools no longer meet the requirements of production and processing because of the development of industry. As an alternative of the traditional tools, the coated tools have been widely used in the industry. This is mainly owing to their combined superior wear resistance, chemical stability and high hardness. Thus, they not only have higher work efficiency, but also have good fatigue resistance as well a good processing accuracy. In this paper, two main kind of coating materials were introduced, soft and hard. Additionally, two main factors have a great influence on the performance of coating tools: the method of preparation of coating materials and surface treatment of substrate. There are two common ways to prepared coating: Physical vapor deposition (PVD) and Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Based on the current research, the development prospect of the coated tools was dicussed. Keyword: coated tools; coating material; processing method; surface treatment method; development prospect 工业的发展和进步，提高了对产品的生产效率和质量的要求。在机加工中，刀具的性能是影响加工质量的决定性因素。理想的刀具应具有较大前角、锋利的切削刃和耐久性等特点[1]，如图1所示，而刀具在实际服役过程中受到众多因素的影响，如化学磨损、前刀面磨损、塑性变形、断裂和切屑瘤等，只在特定的切削参数下才能安全工作[2]。传统刀具已经不能满足生产加工需求，而涂层刀具是改善这一问题的有效办法。从涂层对刀具切削性能的影响、涂层刀具的制备以及涂层刀具的发展前景等方面进行了论述。 图1 刀具的失效模型图 Fig.1 Failure model diagram of tools 1 涂层对刀具切削性能的影响 为了满足现代工业的要求，传统工具的改革势在必行。而改善刀具材料、刀具几何参数和切削液在大多数情况下是不可行的，因此涂层刀具成为解决问题的重要途径。涂层刀具与传统刀具相比具有更高的耐磨性、硬度以及热稳定性能等，如今已广泛使用。涂层刀具以具有较好强度和韧性的硬质合金或高速钢（HSS）刀具为基体，采用气相沉淀方法将一层厚度较薄的耐磨性好的难熔金属、非金属氧化物或其它超硬材料（陶瓷、金刚石和立方氮化硼等）涂覆在刀具表面。该涂层作为刀具与工件间的化学和热屏障，有效的减少化学反应和热量传递，使月牙槽磨损大幅降低[3-5]。 普