生物化学第十一章2.ppt

Osmosis - a special case of diffusion, also passive. occurs when membranes are permeable to water but not to dissolved ions and small polar organic solutes. The movement of solvent from regions of low solute concentration to high solute concentration. may manifest as volume change (until solute conc. is equalized) pressure change Porins are transmembrane channels for small molecules An ion transporter (porin) in E. Coli.: Fhu A bring ferrichrome from extracellular medium across outer membrane to the periplasmic space; composed of 22-? domain and “cork” domain (N-terminus) open or close Summary of Transport Types Summary 1. Composition and architecture of membranes definition of biological membranes composition of membranes membrane proteins: peripheral and integral proteins characters of membrane proteins the lipid and membrane proteins are inserted into the bilayer with specific sidedness. 2. Membrane dynamics Affect of lipids to membrane fluidity Flip-flop diffusion of lipids Lipids and proteins can diffuse laterally within the plane of the membrane, but this mobility is limited by interactions of membrane proteins with internal cytoskeletal structures and interactions of lipids with lipid rafts. Caveolin is an integral membrane protein, can form caveolae that probably involved in membrane transport and signaling. Integrins are transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane that act both to attach cells to each other and to carry messages between the extracelluar matrix and the cytoplasm. Specific proteins mediate the fusion of two membranes, which accompanies processes such as viral invasion and endocytosis and exocytosis. 3. Solute transport across membranes Movement of polar compounds and ions across biological membranes requires protein transporters. Carriers, like enzymes, show saturation and stereospecificity for their substrates. Transport via these systems may b