《MPAcc财会专业英语》Chapter5.pdf

Chapter 5 (P93-1118) Basic variance analysis Topic list (P93) • 1 Variances • 2 Material variances • 3 Labour variances • 4 Variable production overhead variances • 5 Fixed production overhead variances • 6 Sales variances • 7 Working backwards approach • 8 the reasons for variances • 9 Investigating variances Introduction (P94) • 1.Variances are the differences between the actual results and the expected results. • 2.the original budget, flexing Study guide (P94) Section 20- Standard costing I Section 21- Standard costing II • Exam guide (P94) • Discussion of variances 1 Variances (P94) • 1. Variances measure the difference between actual results and expected results. • 2. Variance analysis is the process by which the total difference between standard and actual result is analysed. • 3. Favourable variance (F): actual results are better than expected results. • 4. Adverse variance (A):actual results are worse than expected results. 2 Material variances (P94) • (1) The direct material total variance can be subdivided into the direct material price variance and the direct material usage variance. Direct material price variance are extracted at the time of receipt of the materials, not the time of usage. • (2) The material total variance is the difference between what the output actually cost and what it should have cost. • (3) The Material price variance: is the difference between what the material did cost and what it should have cost. • (4) The material usage variance: is the difference between the standard cost of the material that should have been used and the standard cost of the material that was used. 一、成本差异涵义 • 在标准成本制度下，成本差异是指在一定时期生产 一定数量的产品所发生的实际成本与相关的标准成 本之间的差额。 二、成本差异的类型 • 1.用量差异 • 用量差异是反映由于直接材料、直接人工和变动性 制造费用等要素实际用量消耗与标准用量消耗不一 致而产生的成本差异，其计算公式为： 标准 实际产量下 实际产量下