集成电路已走过了漫长的道路.PPT

* Text: Types of Circuits  The circuit currents vary from branch to branch, and the component voltage drops depend on the branch currents and on the component resistance. Series-parallel Resistor Circuits 各支路的电流是不同的，一个元件上的电压降取决于电源电压支路电流和电路阻值。 T Text: Types of Circuits  Analog circuits are sometimes called linear circuit although many non-linear effects are used in analog circuit such as mixers, modulators, etc. Good examples of analog circuits include vacuum tube and transistor amplifiers, operational amplifiers and oscillators . Analog Circuits 模拟电路有时也被称为线性电路，尽管在模拟电路中也存在许多非线性效应，如混频器，调制器等。模拟电路的典型例子包括真空管和晶体管放大器，运算放大器和振荡器。 T N mixer n. 混合器，混频器 modulator n. 调幅器，调制器 Text: Types of Circuits  Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between analog and digital circuit as they have elements of both linear and non-linear operation. An examples is the comparator which takes in a continuous range of voltage but puts out only one of two levels as in a digital. Analog Circuits 有时也可能是难以将模拟和数字电路完全区分开，因为他们都有线性和非线性操作的元素。拿比较器为例来说，它是一个连续的电压范围的比较，但只输出作为数字电路中的两个电平之一。 T Text: Types of Circuits  In most cases the number of different states of a node is two, represented by two voltage levels labeled “Low” (0) and “High” (1). Often “Low” will be near zero volts and “High” will be at a higher level depending on the supply voltage in use. Digital Circuits 大多数数字电路使用标示为“0”和“1”的两个电压等级的，通常的逻辑“0” 是一个低电压，简称为“低”，而逻辑“1”是指取决于所提供的高电压。 T Building-blocks: Logic gates Adders Binary Multipliers Flip-Flops Counters Registers Multiplexers Schmitt triggers Highly integrated devices: Microprocessors Microcontrollers Application-Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC) Digital Signal Processor(DSP) Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) Text: Types of Circuits  Digital Circuits Text: Types of Circuits  The ability of a radio receiver to accomplish each of its three functions is known as its sensitivity, selectivity and fidelity.