燕郊地区精密大地水准面研究 毕业设计.doc

燕郊地区精密大地水准面研究 摘要：大地水准面或似大地水准面是获取地理空间信息的高程基准面，在高精度、高分辨率大地水准面模型的支持下，利用GPS技术可以直接测定正高或正常高，从而取代传统复杂的水准测量方法，使得平面控制网和高程控制网分离的传统大地测量模式成为历史。因此，精化大地水准面是一个国家或地区建立现代高程基准的主要任务之一。 本文简要介绍了确定大地水准面的基本原理和常用方法, 然后结合燕郊地区GPS水准资料，采用多项式曲面拟合模型、神经网络模型，用MATLAB自编程序做了拟合试验和精度分析，得出相关结论，取得良好效果，拟合的区域大地水准面可应用于GPS大地高与正常高之间的转换,满足四等水准测量的要求。最后，对大地水准面建立的误差进行了分析，并给出了抑制误差的建议。 关键词:大地水准面拟合；GPS水准；BP神经网络  Study on Determination of Geoid of YanJiao Abstract: Geoid or quasi-geoid is a height datum for acquiring geospatial information, if the geoid or quasi-geoid model is given, GPS can be used directly to determine orthometric height or normal height. This can take the place of the traditional geometric leveling and make the separation mode of plane control network and elevation control network in traditional geodesy become a history. Therefore geoid refining is one of important missions for the establishment of the height datum in a country or a region. In this thesis，the basic theory and methods for the determination of geoid is introduced . Then combing measuring region GPS/leveling data of YanJiao thesis adopts the maul trinomial surface fitting model and Back Propagation Neural Network surface fitting model, author has developed a MATLAB program to do the test and analyzed its accuracy and applicable area and draws several satisfied conclusions. The fitting regional quasi-geoid can be applied into the shift between GPS height and normal height, and reach the accuracy of fourth grade elevation. Finally，the main error sources for the determination of geoid are analyzed and some suggestions are listed to control the error. Key words : geoid fitting ；GPS/leveling ；BP Neural Network  研究背景 大地水准面或似大地水准面是获取地理空间信息的高程基准。大地水准面是一个具有物理含义的重力等位曲面。似大地水准面与大地水准面相似，在海洋上完全重合，在大陆上也几乎重合，在山区有2～4m的差异。似大地水准面尽管不是水准面，但它可以严密的解决关研究与地球自然地理形状有关的问题。过去一个国家或地区的局部高程基准面通常是由该国家或地区多年的验潮站资料确定的当地的平均海平面，这与真正意义上的大地水准面不同。 我国的高程基准采用的是正常高系统。正常高系统是以似大地水准面为基准的高程系统。测定正常高，传统的、精密的方法是几何水准测量，传统的水准测量的参考基准只是区域性似大地水准面上一个特定的点，由精密水准测量建立的国家或地区性高程控制网是水准测量测定高程