朱熹的“新民”理念.doc

朱熹的“新民”理念 谢晓东 【专题名称】中国哲学【专 题 号】B5【复印期号】2011年11期【原文出处】《厦门大学学报：哲学社会科学版》2011年4期第94～101页【英文标题】On the Idea of the New People Developed by Zhu Xi： ??　A Perspective of Political Philosophy【作者简介】谢晓东，厦门大学　哲学系，福建　厦门　361005????谢晓东，男，四川射洪人，厦门大学哲学系副教授，哲学博士。 以《大学》的“新民”观念为中心，朱熹重构了儒家政治哲学。在其新民学说中，明明德是新民的基础，而新民是明明德的目的。从内在依据、主体、方法、心理基础与落实等方面可以看出，朱熹的新民理念具有明确的内在逻辑结构，对该结构的分析同时就是对“新民何以可能”这一问题的回答。朱熹的新民理念为儒家政治哲学勘定了逻辑边界，相对于中国古代的其他学派具有理论优势。不过，从现代政治哲学的视域来看，其新民学说在政治与道德之间缺乏一种分界观念。解决之道在于平衡君子的责任与个人自主。Centering on the idea of “the new people” in The Great Learning, Zhu Xi reconstructed the Confucian political philosophy. This paper analyses the basic ideas of“illustrious virtue”,“illustration of illustrious virtue?and 搕he new people? and examines the reiationship between 搕he new people?and 搃llustration of illustrious virtue? the latter being the basis of the former which in turn is the aim of the latter. Therefore, from the perspectives of internal reason, subject, method, psychological basis and implementation, we can see that Zhu Xis idea of 搕he new people?reveals a clear logical structure, and the analysis of this idea is in itself an answer to the question of why it is possible to have 搕he new people? This idea of 搕he new people? which delineates a logical boundary for the Confucian political philosophy, surpasses other schools of thought in ancient China with its theoretical advantages. However, from the perspective of modern political philosophy, this theory lacks a demarcation between politics and moral, and the solution to this problem is to strike a balance between responsibility and individual autonomy. 【关 键 词】朱熹/明明德/新民/亲民/儒家政治哲学Zhu Xi/illustration of illustrious virtue/the new people/people first/Confucian political philosophyEE628UU8618363 ????中图分类号：B244.7　文献标识码：A　文章编号：0438－0460（2011）04－0094－08????宋代以来，儒家的基本典籍出现了引人注目的变化，即四书取代了五经的核心地位。对于这种转变，朱熹起到了莫大的作用，而这在很大程度上又与《四书章句集注》相关。在朱熹看来，在“四书”中，人们“应先读《大学》，以定其规模”。[1]所谓“规模”指的是儒家“修己治人”[2]之“内圣外王”的基本结构。《大学》的“三纲领”与“八条目”就集中地体现了这种