André Lefevere.pptVIP

André Lefevere安德烈·勒菲弗尔 Fiona OUTLINE Brief Introduction André Lefevere, who was born in Belgium in 1945 and died in America in 1996,is a translation theorist. He studied at the University of Ghent(比利时根特大学) from 1964 to1968 and then obtained his PhD at the University of Essex（英国埃塞克斯大学） in 1972. When he died he was the Professor of Germanic Studies at the University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）. Lefevere, along with Gideon Toury, James Holmes and Jose Lambert, can be considered among the foremost scholars who have made translation studies an autonomous discipline（独立学科 ）. Together with Susan Bassnett he envisaged that “neither the word, nor the text, but the culture becomes the operational ‘unit’ of translation”. This has been hailed as the “real breakthrough for the field of translation studies”; it epitomized what is termed as “ the coming of age” of the discipline , an increasing intercultural trend or cultural turn(文化转向). His most important contributions are in comparative literary studies and translation studies in particular. Drawing upon the notions of polysystem theorists like Itamar Even-Zohar, Lefevere developed the idea of translation as a form of rewriting(改写理论) and the theory of manipulation(翻译操纵论). Translation Theories ① the Polysystem theory · Itamar Even-Zohar · 1970s · Literary is viewed as a polysystem ·For translated literature as a system operating in the larger social, literary and historical systems of the target culture Ⅰ. Theoretical Bases ② the Manipulation theory ·Theo Hermans ·1980s ·Descriptive study method (translation as a particular political activity, a unique cultural activity and a special literature activity, but not merely a transfer between the source text and the target text) Ⅱ. Lefevere’s Main Translation Theories Lefevere was regarded as the pioneer leading “the cultural turn” in the translation studies. He discarded the traditional standard of a valid translation an