感应电机直接转矩控制系统的初步实现.docVIP

感应电机直接转矩控制的初步实现 学 院： 电气与信息工程学院 学生姓名： 蔡 俊 指导教师： 李建军 职称 教授 专 业： 自动化 班 级： 自本0801 完成时间： 2012-5-22 摘 要 1985年德国学者Depenbrock提出了异步电动机的直接转矩控制(Direct Torque Control)变频调速思想，直接转矩控制技术作为继矢量控制之后出现的一种新型的现代交流电机控制技术，以其控制简单、鲁棒性强、动态性能好等优点日益受到更多的关注。感应电机直接转矩控制系统也成为未来电机控制技术的发展方向之一。本文正是针对这一技术进行了一些研究。 本文从异步电动机数学模型出发，根据传统直接转矩控制原理中电压矢量的选择方法，推导了一个优化的电压矢量选择表。利用该电压矢量表，直接根据定子磁链的轴分量，结合当前的磁链位置查表得到磁链电压，再根据转矩误差信号得出当前的电压矢量，对逆变器的开关状态进行控制，产生适当的PWM信号，使电机的磁链沿近似六边形轨迹运动的同时获得高动态特性的转矩响应。本文利用基于AT89S52单片机的硬件系统，对六边形磁链轨迹控制PWM方法和直接转矩控制方案进行了实验研究，实现了控制系统的稳定运行。PWM全称为Pulse Width Modulation，简称脉宽调制，是将模拟信号转换为脉波的一种技术，一般转换后脉波的周期固定，但脉波的占空比会依模拟信号的大小而改变。Abstract The strategy of Direct Torque Control is one of the variable frequency speedcontrol scheme, which was developed in 1985 by Prof. Depenbrock. The Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique attracts more and more attention after VectoControl theory because of its robust characteristic, simple realization and excellent dynamic response. With the combination of these two techniques,speed-sensorless DTC system become one of the directions for motor control technique in future. In this paper, the scheme is investigated thoroughly. On the basis of the mathematical model of induction machine, an optimized voltage vector selection table was deduced based onthe theory of the tradition DTC. By utilizing the vector selection table, we can get it directly from the voltage vector select table after we attained three values, that is, the pfractions of the stator flux and current position of it. According to the torque error signal, we can get the current voltage vector under which the inverter will produce relevant PWM voltage signal to the motor terminals. High dynamic response of torque control of the induction motor is achieved as the stator flux moves along a hexagon approximately. We developed a hardware system based on AT89S52 microcontroller and carried out DTC experiment on it, realizing the