嵌入式治理社会资本与欧盟气候治理.PDFVIP

嵌入式治理：社会资本与欧盟气候治理 曹德军① ［摘要］社会资本理论注重跨层次变量分析，为分析欧盟多层治理带来新的视角。在“制度－关系” 社会资本双重嵌入框架下，社会资本的跨层次分布决定了国家、超国家、次国家之间的互动模式。当 层次间互动由理性利益主导时，社会资本的“强制度”制约便可以增加违约成本，促进治理主体遵守 契约；当层次间互动由感性规范主导时，社会资本的“关系连带”作用则增加集体共识，保证了治理 的合法性。当前，欧盟－成员国之间的互动由“强制度”社会资本主导、欧盟－次国家之间互动是由 “强关系”社会资本推动、国家与次国家之间的双层博弈则建立在“强制度－强关系”逻辑之上。以 社会资本的分布为核心变量，本文初步揭示了欧盟气候治理的跨层次互动机理。 ［关键词］气候变化复杂性、跨层治理、 “制度—关系”双重嵌入、社会资本 Embedded Governance: Social Capital Theory and Climate Change Governance in European Union Cao Dejun Abstract: Focusing on the analysis of cross level variables, Social Capital Theory brings a new perspective. The Institution-Relation logic of Social Capital Theory emphasizes that the distribution of social capital will decide the interaction model between different levels. When rational interests dominate inter-level interactions, institutional constraints of social capital will facilitate the development of EU’s climate governance; and when interactions are dominated by shared norms, the relationship connections from social capital also ensure the efficiency of collective action. Currently, there are three kinds of combinations between different levels of EU’s climate governance, that is Strong Institution-Strong Ties, Weak Institution-Strong Ties and Strong Institution-Weak Ties. With a cross-level analysis framework, we can find the uneven distribution of Social Capital embedded in national level, sub-national level and supranational level. Keywords: Complex of Climate Change ；Cross-level Governance ；Institution-relation Double Embeddedness ；Social Capital 一、欧盟治理的 “复杂性” 减少和稳定大气中的温室气体浓度,控制升温过程，被普遍认为是二十一世纪最大规模的全球公 共物品。然而气候本身是跨国界的，法律层面的国家主权、地理层面的疆土边界都无法自动阻挡温室 气体的全球流动。气候公共物品的这种 “外部性”特征，②似乎难以避免 “集体行动的困境”。欧盟环 境治理的 “复