高等数学英文版课件 05 Integrals.pptVIP

Example 7 Find the general indefinite integral Example 8 Evaluate Example 9 Evaluate Example 10 What is wrong with the following calculation? End /section 4.4 机动 目录 上页 下页 返回 结束 4.5 The Substitution Rule Because of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus , we can integrate a function if we know an antiderivative. But the anti-differentiation formulas in Section 4.4 do not suffice to evaluate integrals of more complicated functions. It is necessary for us to develop some techniques to transform a given integral into one of the forms in the table. The substitution rule drives from the Chain Rule 机动 目录 上页 下页 返回 结束 Integrating it, we get (1) If we make the substitution u=g(x), then Eq.(1) becomes Thus we have proved the following rule: The Substitution Rule for Indefinite Integral If u=g(x) is a differentiable function whose range is an interval I and f is continuous on I, then 机动 目录 上页 下页 返回 结束 or, writing , we get Example 1 Find Example 2 Evaluate Example 3 Evaluate Example 4 Evaluate Example 5 Calculate 机动 目录 上页 下页 返回 结束 * * Chapter 5 Integrals 机动 目录 上页 下页 返回 结束 5.2 Area 5.3 The Definite Integral 5.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 5.5 The Substitution Rule 4.2 Area Area Problem: Find the area of the region S that lies under the curve y=f(x) from a to b.(see Figure 1) y=f(x) S a b x y o Figure 1 机动 目录 上页 下页 返回 结束 Idea for problem solving: First approximate the region S by polygons, and then take the limit of the area of these polygons.(see the following example) Example 1 Find the area under the parabola y=x2 from 0 to 1. y Solution: We start by dividing the interval [0, 1] into n-subintervals with equal length, and consider the rectangles whose bases are these subintervals and whose heights are the values of the function at the right-hand endpoints. o x (1,1) 1/n 1 Figure 2 机动 目录 上页 下页