高等数学英文版课件 08 Further Applications of Integration.ppt

Chapter 8 Further Applications of Integration Any particular solutions are obtained by substituting values for the arbitrary constants A and B. For instance, y = sin x is a particular solution of the above differential equation by choosing A = 1,B = 0 in the general solution. so that all y’s are on one side of the equation and all x’s are on the other side. Then we integrate both sides of the equation: where C is an arbitrary constant. (We could have used a constant C1 on the left side and another constant C2 on the right side, but then we could combine these constants by writing C = C2 - C1 Note that the function y = 0 is also a solution of the given differential equation. So the general solution is in the form To determine K we put x = 4 and y = 2 in this equation: 2 = K/4 K = 8 So the solution of the initial-value problem is Therefore, the solution is given implicitly by y2 + sin y = 2x3+ 2 – 2 Solution Let y(t) be the amount of salt (in kilograms) after t minutes. We are given that y(0) = 20 and we want to find y(30). We do this by finding a differential equation satisfied by y(t). Note that dy/dt is the rate of change in the amount of salt, so dy/dt = (rate in) – (rate out) where (rate in) is the rate at which salt enters the tank and (rate out) is the rate at which salt leaves the tank. (b) Now we draw short line segments with these slopes at these points. The result is the direction field shown in the figure (on the next slide). Page558 17 Example 2 Find the area of the region enclosed by the loop of the curve defined by x = t2 and y = t3-3t. (the same as that in Example 2 of the first part of this section ). The point on the loop where the curve crosses itself is (3, 0), the corresponding parameter values are . The area of the loop is obtained by subtracting the area under the bottom part of the loop from the area under the top part of the loop. Solution 8.7 Polar Coordinates A coordinate system repre