药理学 药学英语.ppt

Unit 2 Pharmacology; assess the effect of different doses on therapeutic effect use animal models to screen chemicals with anti-tumor activity measure plasma half life of a drug in body evaluate toxicity of a candidate drug in men determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic evaluate the inhibitory effect of a candidate drug on an enzyme;History;E.g. acetylsalicylic acid（aspirin） Phospholipids phospholipase arachidonic acid(花生四烯酸） cyclooxygenase(环氧化酶) prostaglandin(前列腺素) inflammation ;Enzyme inhibitor 32.4% Transport protein inhibitor 16.0% Receptor agonist 9.1% Receptor antagonist 10.7% Drugs acting on ion channels 9.1% DNA, RNA/ribosome;2. Important figures in the development of pharmacology Friedrich Wohler Synthesis of urea(尿素): organic compounds can be synthesized from inorganic materials Oswald Schmiedeberg His work primarily dealt with finding the correlation between the chemical structure of substances and their effectiveness. a thesis on the measurement of chloroform（氯仿） in blood studied the pharmacology of chloroform and chloral hydrate（水合氯醛 ） publication of Outline of Pharmacology trained a number of preeminent scientists ;Drugs: Broadly defined, a drug is a chemical substance that can alter or influence the responsiveness of a biological system. The action of a drug is mediated by a naturally occurring process of the body. A drug either mimics, facilitate, or antagonizes a normally occurring phenomenon. ;Classification of drugs: Drugs used to combat infection Selective toxicity is the ability of a chemical or drug to kill a microorganism without harming its host Chemotherapy, in its most general sense, is the treatment of a disease by chemicals especially by killing micro-