超声波喷丸残余应力场的数值模拟研究.pdf

超声波喷丸残余应力场的数值模拟 马刚 凌祥 （南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院，南京210009 ） 摘要：运用大型有限元计算软件 ABAQUS 建立了模拟超声波喷丸残余应力场的三维有限元模型，预 测了304 不锈钢超声波喷丸后所产生的残余应力场。模拟过程中，分析了冲击时间、初始残余应力对不锈 钢靶材残余应力分布的影响。数值结果表明：在有初始残余拉应力（250MPa ）存在的情况下，超声波喷丸 仍能使304 奥氏体不锈钢靶材形成残余压应力层。数值模拟的结果与X 射线衍射法测量值吻合较好。因此， 超声波喷丸工艺可提高奥氏体不锈钢焊接构件的抗应力腐蚀开裂能力。 关键词：超声波喷丸；数值模拟；残余应力场 Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress Field Induced by Ultrasonic Shot Peening Gang Ma, Xiang Ling (College of echanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China) Abstract: A 3D finite element model is established to simulate the ultrasonic shot peening process by using a finite element software ABAQUS. The residual stress distribution of the AISI 304 stainless steel induced by ultrasonic shot peening (USP) is predicted by finite element analysis. During the simulation, ultrasonic shot peening duration and initial residual stress are taken into consideration for the purpose of optimizing the process. The simulation results show that USP can produce a compressive residual stress layer on the surface of the material even if there is initial residual tensile stress (250MPa) . The residual stress of simulation were compared with the experiment data which were obtained under the same parameters and have a good agreement with the measurement values by X-ray diffraction method. Therefore, USP is an effective method for protecting stainless steel weldments against stress corrosion cracking. Key Words: Ultrasonic shot peening; Finite element analysis; Residual stress field 1 引言 奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头在腐蚀环境下容易发生应力腐蚀开裂，这种破坏行为遍及石油、化工、宇宙航 行以及海洋开发等各个部门，由于没有征兆，往往会造成巨大的经济和社会损失。焊接接头的焊接残余拉 应力为应力腐蚀开裂提供了应力来源[1-3]。因此消除焊接残余应力，成为了提高焊接构件抗应力腐蚀能力的 可行方法。超声冲击处理（也被称为超声波喷丸）