医学统计 Chapter1-Descritive.ppt

1.2.2 Frequency plot and histogram 1. Frequency plot for discrete variable – bar chart 2. Frequency plot for continuous variable – histogram  1.3 Measurement for average level Numerical characteristics (数字特征):  Average level (平均水平) Variation (变异) 1.3.1 Arithmetic mean (算术均数) Useful when the histogram looks symmetric. Denote the observed values of the individuals with , the arithmetic mean (1.1) 1.3.2 Geometric mean (几何均数) It is useful when the histogram of the logarithms is close to symmetric. Example The concentrations of certain antibody are measured for a set of sample and the corresponding titers are 4, 8, 16, 16, 64, 128. Arithmetic mean = 39.3 Geometric mean = 20.16 1.3.3 Median (中位数) When the histogram shows skew, the median can be applied to measure the average level. Median = the value in the middle Example 1 Data set {1,1,2,2,3,4,6,9,10} n = 9 Median = 3 Example 2 Data set {1,1,2,2,3,4,6,9,10,13} n = 10 Median = (3+4)/2=3.5 When n is odd, Median = the observed value with rank (n+1)/2 When n is even, Median =?values with rank n/2+ values with rank n/2 + 1??2 Think about Px = x-percentile = x% of the values less than it and (1- x%) of the values greater than it Median = the value in the middle = 50% of the values less than it and 50% of the values greater than it = 50 percentile = P50 How to calculate x-percentile (百分位数)? P25 ? P75 ? Medical Statistics (full English class) Ji-Qian Fang School of Public Health Sun Yat-Sen University Introduction