副词位置小议.docVIP

副词位置小议 　　副词的范围比较广泛，很难统一概括成统一的定义。有的副词表示时间或空间，有的表示性质或程度，有的表示方式或方法，有的表示连接或衔接。 　　副词分别修饰动词、形容词、副词，间或修饰名词、词组或整个句子。 　　一个副词常常可以有不同的作用，在某种场合属于这一类，在另外一种场合属于另一类。 　　副词在句中的常见位置有三： 　　1、句首：Suddenly he drove off. 　　2、句中：He suddenly drove off. 　　3、句尾：He drove off suddenly. 　　不是所有的副词都可以用于这三个位置。具体情况如下： 　　1、副词位于句首，称为首位副词（front-position adverb）：疑问副词，连接副词，关系副词，和一些修饰整个句子的副词通常放在句首或从句的开头。 　　① 疑问副词：有when, where, why, how构成特殊疑问句； 　　When shall we meet? 　　Where are you going? 　　Why are you smiling? 　　How can I get from here to Oxford Street? 　　② 连接副词：有when, where, why, how 连接主语从句，宾语从句或表语从句； 　　He didn’t say when they would leave. 　　Do you know where the road leads to? 　　He asked me why I was leaving early. 　　I don’t know how to swim. 　　③ 关系副词：有when, where, why 引导定语从句； 　　I remember the day when the war began. 　　I know a place where you can hide. 　　The reason why he failed is not clear. 　　④ 一些修饰整句的副词（sentence adverbs）:常见的有admittedly, (un)fortunately, frankly, (un)luckily 等，这些副词通常有逗号和句子其他成分隔开； 　　Admittedly, he is rather foolish. 　　Fortunately, he found the money that he’d lost. 　　Frankly, I don’t think your chances of getting the job are very good. 　　Luckily, she was in when I called. 　　⑤为了强调事情发生的时间、地点、否定的程度，表示时间、地点、否定含义的副词也可置于句首。 　　Then we went home.\ We went home then. 　　Eventually he came.\ He came eventually. 　　Here comes the train. 　　There goes our bus. 　　当away(=off), down, in, off, out, over, round, up, etc.后面是运动动词+名词主语时，这些副词可位于句首。 　　Away went the runners. 　　Down fell a dozen apples. 　　Round and round flew the plane. 　　Up went the rocket. 　　在英语书面语中，由介词（down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, up etc.）构成的副词短语可放在句首。 　　In the doorway stood a man with a gun. 　　By the door stood an armed guard. 　　某些表示否定的副词和副词短语，为了强调否定的含义而放在句首，后面的谓语动词要用倒装。常见的这些副词及短语有：never, neither, nor, seldom, not only, not until, no sooner…than, hardly…when, scarcely…when 等。 　　I haven’t got a ticket. Nether/Nor have I. 　　Not until he got home did he realize that he had lost it. 　　Hard