英文翻译Digital Instruments.docVIP

Digital Instruments While it can be argued that analog instruments have earned their place in the laboratory, they are still limited by finite mechanical accuracy. Analog measurements are largely subjective, influenced by visual and psychological perception errors which may cause viewers to report slightly different readings for the same event. While much of the error can be attributed to parallax, which is caused by viewing the meter pointer and scale at an angle other than straight on, our psychological inner self tends to make us fudge on measurement even when we have interpreted them properly in the physical sense . if a measurement is slightly off the mark, we have the tendency to compensate for the error by allowing the recorded reading to creep closer to our perceived impression of the true value. Aggravating the situation is the fact that the meter itself dose not always register identical values in the same way twice ,depending on which way the pointer happens to be moving . The digital readout ,on the other hand , is a truly objective one ,with all users perceiving the same indication .the direct numerical readout reduces the human error and the tedium involved in long periods of measurement .’Cheating’ is less prevalent because the numbers are before you ,in black and while (or red on black ,as the case may be).Digital electronics also brings with a wide range of peripheral benefits not available in analog instruments ,including auto=ranging ,waveform computation . and high common=mode rejection qualities . 1.Digital Displays The first digital display devices were mechanical ,made up of numbered wheels and driven by servo-controlled motors .Next on the scene were various formats consisting of miniature incandescent lamps .These devices evolved to a surprisingly satisfactory state of the art and gave rise to control techniques that now enable the popular light emitting diodes (LED)and liquid-crystal displays (LCD) to dominate instrumentation readouts .