Chapter 7上Modal Auxiliaries情态助动词PPT.pptVIP

* 现代英语语法 Chapter 7 Modal Auxiliaries 情态动词 Rokey.7.21 Chapter preview: Modal auxiliaries情态动词 表达意义：obligation, possibility, predictability, necessity.(义务，可能性，预测性，必要性) 主要分为两类： 1.推测性情态动词。（可能性的程度） 2.非推测性情态动词。（义务，许可，能力） 常见的情态动词：can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, have to, ought to. 7.0 Introduction 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语. 情态动词一般是多义词，如： He can do it. 1.He is able to do it. 2.He is allowed to do it. 3.It is possible for him to do it. Who’ playing the piano upstairs? — might — — may — — could — — can — It — should — —— be Bob. — ought to — — would — — will — — must — 可能性由低到高，由弱到强 7.1 Can and may 7.1.1 Can/ could Can的用法： 1.推测性：possibility（可能） Eg: What he said can’t be true. 2.非推测性：ability/ permission（能力或许可） Eg: Mary can speak two foreign languages. Can I have a few words with you? Could的用法 could是can的过去式，既可用于过去时间，也可以用于现在时间表示假设。 1.用于过去时态，表示可能、能力、许可。 Eg: They knew it could be very dangerous. 他们当时知道可能很危险。 She could speak two languages when she was ten. 她十岁就会说两种语言了。 The boss said that he couldn’t leave early. 老板说他不能提前离开。 2.用于现在时态，表示可能、能力、许可。 a.表示可能性，强度不如can, Eg: I know it can/could be dangerous. b.表示能力，通常用于虚拟语气。 Eg: If I could, I would. 如果我能，我会的。 c.表示许可，语气比较委婉。 Eg: I wonder if I could park my car here. 我想知道我的车能否停在这。 3.could可以委婉地表示礼貌或假设性的邀请、请求或者命令。此时说话者并不指望听话者实现自己的请求，所以避免直接表达意愿。(P165最后一段) eg:Could you do me a favour? 您能帮我么？(委婉请求) Could I see your driving license, please? (委婉命令) I wonder if I could borrow some tea.(委婉请求) 4.could在表示过去的能力时，只表示有潜力，但不一定能成功；而表示事情一定能成功，使用be able to, manage to do, succeed in doing. eg: He studied hard and could pass the test. 他学习那么用功，可能通过考试。 He was able to pass the test because he studied hard. 他能通过考试，因为他学习很用功。 He managed to pass the test.他成功通过了考试。 He succeeded in passing the test.他成功通过了考试。 1.Tom was not a good runner,but he _____ to ca