细胞质和细胞器教学课件.ppt

第三篇 细胞质和细胞器;;;;;;;;;;; Albert Claude Born: 24 August 1898, Longlier, Belgium Died: 22 May 1983, Brussels, Belgium Affiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium;The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 to them:“for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell”;;细胞膜;;;;;;内质网、细胞核与高尔基复合体的立体结构;;透射电镜下的RER;透射电镜下的rough ER;扫描电镜下的rough ER;扫描电镜下的rough ER;;;rough and smooth ER;smooth ER;;抗肝肾微粒体(LKM)抗体显示微粒体;;;;; Günter Blobel Born: 21 May 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland) Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University,New York, NY,USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute;The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 to them:“for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell”;;; 信号肽一级序列：由疏水核心(h)、C端(c)和N端(n)三个区域构成。 以血清白蛋白和HIV-1型病毒的糖蛋白gp160信号肽为例，显示出两者的n区长度明显不同。;P54上结合信号肽的甲硫氨酸残基;粗面内质网膜上 的SRP受体蛋白;仅在中间含有起始转移序列的多肽;;内质网腔;;;L-天门冬酰胺(L-Asparagine, Asn) 分子式：NH2COCH2CH(NH2)COOH ;多萜醇（dolichol）; ;4. 粗面内质网与蛋白质的运输:;;;磷脂酰胆碱;细 胞 质; （a）.通过小泡运输将内质网上合成的脂转运到其他内膜系统的膜上包括细胞核膜; （b）.通过磷脂转运蛋白将内质网上合成的脂转运到线粒体、叶绿体和过氧化物酶体的膜中。 ;;;;; ? 1898年，Camillo Golgi，在猫和猫头鹰的 神经细胞内观察到了一种清晰的网状结构，命名 为内网器（internal reticulum apparatus）；后 来为纪念他的这一发现，命名为高尔基器/体 （Golgi apparatus/body），现称为高尔基复合 体（Golgi Complex）。; Camillo Golgi Born: 7 July 1843, Corteno, Italy Died: 21 January 1926, Pavia, Italy Affiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy;Santiago Ramón y Cajal Born:1 May 1852, Petilla de Aragó, Spain Died: 17 October 1934，Madrid，Spain Affiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid，Spain.;The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 to them:“in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system”;;Distribution in cell: nucleus green，Golgi body red;高尔基复合体立体结构模式图;;;;;;高尔基复合体的极性; ;;;(一).高尔基复合体参与糖蛋白的合成和修饰;N-乙酰 葡萄糖胺;L-天门冬酰胺(L-Asparagine, Asn) 分子式：NH2COCH2CH(NH2)COOH ;苏氨酸(threonine,