戴炜栋主编英语语言学教程第4章课件Semantics.pptVIP

* 2) Complementary antonyms互补反义词 --- the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other,  e.g. alive : dead male : female present : absent innocent : guilty odd : even pass : fail boy : girl hit : miss * 3) Raltional opposites 关系反义词 buy : sell lend : borrow give : receive parent : child husband : wife teacher : student above : below before : after host : guest employer : employee * 5.4 Sense relations between sentences 句子之间的意义关系 1)?? X is synonymous with Y 2)?? X is inconsistent with Y 3)?? X entails Y 4)?? X presupposes Y 5)?? X is a contradiction 6)?? X is semantically anomalous * X is synonymous with Y 同义 X: He was a bachelor all his life. Y: He never got married all his life. X: The boy killed the cat. Y: The cat was killed by the boy. * X is inconsistent with Y不一致 X: He is single. Y: He has a wife. X: This is my first visit to Beijing. Y: I have been to Beijing twice. If X is true, Y is false; if X is false, Y is true. * X entails Y 蕴含 X: John married a blond heiress. Y: John married a blond. X: Marry has been to Beijing. Y: Marry has been to China. Entailment is a relation of inclusion. If X entails Y, then the meaning of X is included in Y. If X is true, Y is necessarily true; if X is false, Y may be true or false. * X presupposes Y预设关系 X: His bike needs repairing. Y: He has a bike. X: Paul has given up smoking. Y: Paul once smoked. If X is true, Y must be true; If X is false, Y is still true. * X is a contradiction 自我矛盾 *My unmarried sister is married to a bachelor. *The orphan’s parents are pretty well-off. 模板来自于 * * 英语语言学 English Linguistics * Chapter FiveSemantics ? Questions (the rhetoric use of English words): 1) Why is a river rich? 2) Why Saturday and Sunday are the strongest days? 3) What color would you paint the sun and the wind?” * Topics : 5.1 What is semantics 语义学的定义 5.2 Some views concerning t