摘要-叶适与永嘉学派研究.doc

摘 要 南宋前期,在尖锐复杂的阶级矛盾和民族矛盾的刺激下,在商品经济显著发展的大背景下,以讲求事功为思想特色的儒家学派——浙东事功学派开始崛起。在浙东学派中，真正在思想上与宋代理学、心学构成鼎足之势的学术流派只有永嘉学派。作为与理学、心学相抗衡的永嘉事功学是永嘉学者在消化洛学与永嘉固有之学术传统的基础上崛起的。 在永嘉学派的发展历程中，薛季宣是一个承上启下的人物。他在继承发扬原有的永嘉洛学、王安石新学、苏轼苏学的基础上，注入了具有区域特色的新内容，为永嘉学派思想的集大成者叶适，指明了与程学分道扬镳的方向。薛季宣学术思想内容丰富，特色鲜明。在哲学思想上，他敢于怀疑程朱理学自居正统而排斥他说建立的所谓“道统之序”，坚持道器不相分离的唯物本体论，主张知行合一，经世致用，经史并重，以经制言事功，彰显事功特色鲜明的价值观；在政治思想上，积极倡导关心民疾关注民心的民本政治理念以及实用主义人才观，提出了关于冗官冗兵问题的制度改革、战和兵备问题的制度改革、科举制度的改革等一系列制度建设思想；在经济思想上，就经济伦理思想、民本经济观、土地使用思想、理财思想、税制思想、边防经济思想等内容进行了开拓性的思考；在军事思想上，就任将选兵、边疆防务、用兵策略等进行探索与实践；在教育思想上，强调人才教育的重要性，提出了一系列积极进取，大胆批判的人才教育思想。 作为当时浙东学术的佼佼者, 薛季宣创立的经制之学思想开启了陈傅良、叶适等人的学术,并且对朱熹、陈亮、吕祖谦等人产生过重大影响。由薛季宣开创的永嘉学派事功之学已成了温州传统文化中极其重要的方面，影响十分深远。 关键词：薛季宣 浙东学派 永嘉学派 Abstract In the early period of Southern Song Dynasty, under stimulation of the sharp and complex class contradictions and conflicts between ethnic groups,in goods economy significantly under the background of development, in order to emphasize the feats for the ideological characteristics of the Confucian School of Zhejiang Shigong school -- began to rise. In eastern Zhejiang School, only Yongjia school is truly in the thought with the Song Dynasty Neo-confucianism and psychology which constitute a situation dominated by three powerful rivals of academic schools. As with Neo-Confucianism, psychology to match the Yongjia Shigong is Yongjia scholars in the digestion of Luo school and Yongjia inherent academic tradition based on the rise. In the development history of Yongjia school , Xue Jixuan is a connecting link between the preceding character and later . He inherits and carries the original Yongjia Luo school, Wang Anshi school, Su Shi Su Xues foundation, pours into the new content of regional characteristics , as the Yongjia School of thought of synthesizer --Ye Shi , points out the direction of separations process . Xue Jixuans academic thought is rich in content, distinctive features. In philosophy, he dares to doubt the establishment of so-called orthodoxy of the sequence, w