cloning warming up PowerPoint 97-2003 幻灯片.pptVIP

3. What problems may arise when humans are cloned? 1) People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever. 2) People may want to clone dead children. 3) People may want to clone their favourite pets. Debate Is cloning good or bad for us? Cloning Warming up Cloning What’s cloning? 克隆一词是英文单词clone的音译，作为名词，clone通常被意译为无性繁殖系。同一克隆的所有成员的遗传构成是完全相同的，例外仅见于有突变发生时。自然界早已存在天然植物、动物和微生物的克隆。 人们开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等动物克隆。这样，克隆一词就开始被用作动词，指人工培育克隆动物这一动作。 目前，生产哺乳动物克隆的方法主要 有胚胎分割和细胞核移植两种。克隆羊 “多莉”，以及其后各国科学家培育的各种 克隆动物，采用的都是细胞核移植技术。克隆动物，采用的都是细胞核移植技术。 所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期的胚胎或成体动物的细胞核，经显微手术和细胞融合方法移植到去核卵母细胞中，重新组成胚胎并使之发育成熟的过程。由于细胞核移植是产生克隆动物的有效方法，故人们往往把它称为动物克隆技术。 Dolly the sheep Man-made clone Twins Natural clone Can you tell the difference between natural clone and man-made clone? Clone Natural clone is one that occurs in nature without human help. Man-made clone is one that is produced through human intervention (介入). A strawberry plant Natural clone Growing new plants Man-made clone Dolly是世界上第一例用体细胞——乳腺上皮细胞，通过细胞核移植技术，在复杂的人工操作下，得到的一只小绵羊。 What animals have been cloned? Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. The creation of Dolly is the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal. Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, oxen, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits and so on. All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology (细胞核移植技术). The mule in the picture is the world’s first cloned mule. It was born on 4 May 2003. His name is Idaho Gem. These female pigs are also cloned. They are born on Christmas Day 2001. They are Noel, Angel, Star, Joy and Mary. Important events in cloning history In 5000 B.C. (谷物选种) In 1978: The first case of tube infant (试管婴儿) appeared. ☆A British doctor used the sperm (精子) of a man and fertilized (使受精) it in a test tube (试管) and then transplanted (移植) the embryo (胚胎) into the womb (子宫) of a healthy mother. ☆The first tube infant called