英语从句的“简化”.docVIP

精品论文 参考文献 英语从句的“简化” 摘要：本文通过展示各种状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句的不同简化方式，试图探索英语从句简化的内在规律。 关键词：英语从句；简化；省略 “删繁就简”是当今语言发展的趋势之一，“当代英语的用词越来越通俗，句子越来越短小，这是一个明显的趋势。”英语从句的“简化”可以看作是这一趋势的一种具体表现。所谓英语从句的“简化”，就是通过对部分成分的省略或替代，把从句“简化”为分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语等，从而使一些复合句变得短小精悍或化为简单句。本文拟对这一现象进行初步的探讨。 一、状语从句的“简化” 我们先来看一些状语从句“简化”的例子： 例1. Be careful when you are crossing the busy street. (时间状语从句) Be careful when crossing the busy street. 例2. I will not attend the party unless I am invited. (条件状语从句) I wonrsquo;t attend the party unless invited. 例3. He returned three days earlier than he was expected. (比较状语从句) He returned three days earlier than expected. 例4. Though they had failed several times(让步状语从句), they never lost heart. Though having failed several times, they never lost heart. 例5. Although he was a physicist by training(让步状语从句), he became a great statesman. Although a physicist by training, he became a great statesman. 一般来说，在时间、条件和让步等状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句谓语中含有be动词时，我们可以用省略从句主语和be动词的方式把这些从句“简化”为相应的“从属连词+分词(或形容词、名词、介词)短语”这种结构。但是在例4中，从句中并没有be动词，而是动词的过去完成时态，这样的从句也可“简化”为“从属连词+完成式的分词短语”这种结构。 有时候甚至在从句的主语与主句的主语不一致的情况下，这些从句也可以进行类似的“简化”，如例6、例7和例8： 例6. Send the goods now if they are ready. (条件状语从句) Send the goods now if ready. 例7：Put in articles where they are necessary in the following passages. (地点状语从句) Put in articles where necessary in the following passages 例8. We will find out the reason as soon as it is possible. (时间状语从句) We will find out the reason as soon as possible. 这三个例子似乎无规律可循，但是仔细观察之后，我们不难发现，在例6和例7中，从句的主语是和主句的宾语相一致的；而在例8中，从句的主语是非人称“it”。 当从句为“there be句型”时，我们也可以用以下方式进行“简化”，如例9： 例9. We left the meeting, because there was obviously no point in staying. (原因状语从句) We left the meeting, there obviously being no point in staying. 在这里，be动词不是被省略，而是转化为being，但是表示因果关系的连词却被省略了。这里还有几个从属连词、从句主语和be动词都被省略的例子。