生态学课件CPPT.ppt

C1 太阳辐射与气候;太阳辐射;Key Notes;地球的风型;;;;我国中东部将有降雨 台风杜鹃;The world’s oceans are stirred by winds. Trade winds pile up water against continents,causing an imbalance in sea levels. For example, in North America sea levels are 1or 2 m higher on the Atlantic side than the Pacific side. This difference drives oceanic currents, thus, for instance, warm water piled up in the Caribbean moves northwards along the American coast as the Gulf Stream and then veers towards northern Europe, where it provides a strong warming influence. ;灾 害;“伊莎贝尔”飓风登陆;Static conditions in tropical oceans can lead o storms. Minimal movement of air over warm water over a period of days can be disrupted by columns of warm air suddenly rising, resulting in surface winds being sucked into the rising column. The rising air is saturated with water and as it rises the air expands and cools. The water vapor turns into droplets, which release their heat of condensation and provide energy go further fuel the process, which may develop into a hurricane.;C2 微 气 候;中国气候区划图 ;Key Notes;在温带生态系统中，热的主要储存位置是土壤，白天土壤储存热，夜间作为热量的来源。土壤的热传导（热流标准率测量）决定了热转换速度。物体经历的温度变化是热传导的结果，将随着它的热容量而改变。物质的热容量是1cm3 物质上升1℃所需要的热量。;温泉景区;A major storage location for heat in temperate ecosystems is the soil, which acts as a sink during the day and a source at night. Thermal conductivity (a measure of the standardized rate of heat flow) of soils determines the rate of heat transfer will vary with its heat capacity. The heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise 1 cm3 by 1℃.;温度剖面;年平均相对湿度分布图;Temperature profiles develop in the air above the ground. During the night ground and crop surfaces cool rapidly so that the surface becomes the coldest location in the profile. Thus, a temperature inversion develops in which air temperature increases with elevation. During the day the surface is the warmest location in the profile and under these conditions air temperature decreases with elevation.