病理学--细胞和组织的适应与损伤PPT.ppt

细胞和组织的适应与损伤;细胞和组织的适应与损伤;细胞的变化 ;概念;适 应;Brain atrophy in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease. The gyri are narrowed and the sulci widened toward to frontal pole. ;萎缩 atrophy;萎缩 Atrophy ;;Brain atrophy in an old patient with arteriosclerosis. Note the widened sulci and narrow convolutions.;Nephrohydrosis;肥大 Hypertrophy;肥大 Hypertrophy;肥大 Hypertrophy;A pregnant uterus (right) Normal uterus (left);Hypertrophy of left ventricle (centripetal hypertrophy) in a patient with essential hypertension. Note the marked thickened wall of ventricle.;增生 Hyperplasia;增生 Hyperplasia;Hyperplasia of endometrium in an adult woman with menorrhagia ;化生 Metaplasia;化生 Metaplasia;;宫颈柱状上皮鳞化;胃粘膜肠上皮化生;化生 Metaplasia;Simple atrophy;细胞和组织损伤的原因和机制;损伤 Injury;损伤的原因;细胞可逆性损伤;可逆性损伤 Reversible Injury;可逆性损伤 Reversible Injury;细胞水肿;细胞水肿;cellular swelling;“气球样变”;脂肪变;脂肪变;脂肪变;脂肪变举例;肝中心性脂肪变; 肝脂肪变性苏丹黑染色（ fatty change of liver );脂肪变举例;玻璃样变;细胞内玻璃样变;;酒精性肝病肝细胞中的Mallory 小体;结缔组织玻璃样变;Hyaline change of connective tissue: Left: spleen in gross specimen Right: microscopic appearance;细小动脉壁玻璃样变;小动脉硬化;病理性钙化;病理性钙化;病理性钙化（pathologic calcification）;细胞死亡;细胞死亡;坏死－－基本病变;坏死－－类型;凝固性坏死;Coagulative necrosis of the kidney. This is the typical pattern with loss of blood supply and resultant tissue anoxia. There is a wedge- shaped pale area of coagulative necrosis in the renal cortex.;肾凝固性坏死;液化性坏死;Brain abscesses localized in the upper left show as two round, well margined lesions. Their contained fluid is sticky, in grey-yellow color.;局部酸中毒，坏死细胞的结构蛋白、酶蛋白变性、封闭了蛋白质的溶解过程。 心肌、肝肾、脾 坏死细胞常保持其轮廓残影，坏死灶与周围组织境界清楚。 干酪样坏死、坏疽;纤维素样坏死 fibrinoid necrosis;干酪样坏死;干酪样坏死;肺结核;脂肪坏死;左：正常脂肪细胞 右：坏死脂肪细胞，界线不清，核丧失，胞浆???定形;坏疽 Gangrene;坏疽 Gangrene;干性坏疽;湿性坏疽;The small intestine is infarcted and putrefactive, so it appears smudgy, dark, black, and foul-smelling. Note the Margin between necrotic bowel and “normal” bowel is not clear. This is wet (moist) gangrene.;气性坏疽;坏死结局;坏死结局;A healing pept