天然药物的化学生物学角色.ppt

* * * * * * 引自：上海交大邓子新院士 * 这位老太太叫Barbara McClintock ，她因发现玉米的“跳跃基因”（即“转座子”，容易迁移的基因片段）获Nobel奖。这一发现之所以值得颁授Nobel奖，是因为“转座子”广发存在于各类生物中。共生菌与宿主长期共生共进化，其基因重组在所难免，故共生菌应有别于其它环境微生物，其产物也应比较特别，值得深入研究并加以利用。 * * Since 2006, numerous cases of bacterial symbionts with extraordinarily small genomes have been reported. * To persist in the outside environment, and to re-infect new hosts, the pathogens need to have increased genomes. * * * Lac, laccase; SD, scytalone dehydratase. * * Selective inhibition of STAT1 activation among various STAT family members by fusaruside in primary CD4+ T cells. (A) The chemical structure of fusaruside. (B) T cells were cultured with fusaruside (5, 10, or 20 mM) for 6 h following IFN-g (25 ng/ml) stimulation for 30 min. The results shown are representative of three experiments. **p , 0.01, compared with the IFN-g control group. (C) T cells were cultured with fusaruside (10 mM) for 6 or 24 h. The cells were then treated with murine IFN-g (25 ng/ml) for 30 min. **p , 0.01. (D) T cells were cultured without (lanes 1 and 2) or with (lanes 3 and 4) 10 mM fusaruside/1 mM dexamethasone for 24 h. These cells were then left untreated (lanes 1 and 3) or were treated with murine IFN-g (25 ng/ml), IL-6 (25 ng/ml), IL-12 (5 ng/ml), IL-2 (10 ng/ml), or IL-4 (10 ng/ml) (lanes 2 and 4) for 30 min. After these incubations, the proteins were extracted and subjected to Western blot analysis. The results shown are representative of three experiments. * Improvement of experimental colitis via the inhibition of IFN-γ/STAT1/T-bet signaling by fusaruside. (A) The effect of fusaruside on the survival rate of mice given a TNBS enema. Mortality differences between groups were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Each group contained 10–12 mice. Disease severity was monitored by body weight changes on day 2 (B) and macroscopic damage scores (C). (D) Histopathologic analyses were performed on HE-stained sections of colons (scale bar, 100 μm). (E) MLN cells were analyzed for CD4 a