有机化学课件1, INTRODUCTION.ppt

* * * Illustration of Curved Arrows in Following Lewis Acid-Base Reactions The combination of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base can shown with a curved arrow from base to acid . A curved arrow shows that a pair of electrons moves from the atom or bond at the tail of the arrow to the atom or bond at the head of the arrow * 1.5.1 Bond formation Most organic reactions take place between nucleophiles and electrophiles, where the nucleophilic center of the nucleophile forms a bond to the electrophilic center of the electrophile. 1.5.2 Classification of reactions Reactions can be classified as acid / base reactions, functional group transformations or as carbon-carbon bond formations. Reactions can also be classified according to the process or mechanism taking place and these are specific for particular functional groups. 1.5 Reaction and Mechanisms * 1.5.3 Mechanisms A mechanism describes how a reaction takes place by showing what is happening to valence electrons during the formation and breaking of bonds. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? · · ? ? ? ? Movement of a pair of electrons Movement of one electron * **Drawing a Curved Arrow from the source of electrons to the destination of electrons R. Robinson incorrect notation Correct notation * 1.6 Functional Groups * **The chemistry of every organic molecules, regardless of size and complexity, is determined by the functional group it contains. * Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Materials Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian361021 China Lin Cheng E-mail: cheng@hqu.edu.cn Cellphone: * References 胡宏纹：《有机化学》，高等教育出版社, 1990 邢其毅：《基础有机化学》，高等教育出版社, 1993 John McMurry: 《Organic Chemistry》, 8th Edition, 2010 T.W. GRAHAM SOLOMONS, CRAIG B. FRYHLE: 《Organic Chemistry》, 10th, Edition, 2011 裴伟伟，冯骏材，《有机化学例题与习题》，高等教育出版社, 2002 * CHAPTER 1, INTRODUCTION Natural science, Life science, Medicine Materials science, Polymeric materials Fine chemicals, Chemical industry Organi