四级翻译语法2.docxVIP

（一）虚拟语气1.由“if”引导的虚拟句子（1）与现在的事实相反：If …+ were/did…+ would do If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你，就会嫁给他。（2）与过去的事实可能相反： If….+had done….+ would have done…. If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam.如果你用功学习，就会通过考试了。（3）与将来的事实可能相反： If …+should do….+ would do…. If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do?如果明天下雨，你怎么办？2.用在表示要求，建议，命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：….（should）+ do sth (should 常省去) 类似用法的动词有：Insist, suggest, order, propose, demand, command, advise, desire, request, require, ask, prefer, recommend, arrange, advocate, maintain等后面的宾语从句中3.It 引导的主语从句中用在“It + be+ important (necessary, natural, essential, strange, absurd, amazing, annoying, desirable, surprising, vital, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, imperative, eager, fitting, possible, impossible, improper, obligatory, probable, preferable, urgent等，以及insisted, suggested, ordered, requested, arranged, recommended等+ that …引导的主语从句中。4.用在it is time that …..结构中用在it is time that …..结构中，表示“该干某事了”，含建议的意思，用动词过去式。It is time (that) we went to bed. 咱们该睡觉了。5. wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气（1）从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示一种与现在事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望；若用would则表示请求或对现状不满希望将来有所改变等。（2）If only 的用法和I wish等基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩6. as if / as though方式状语从句中的虚拟语气从句用一般过去时表示和现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示过去想象中的动作或情况。但是，若在seem/look/sound/smell等动词之后，谓语动词用来表示事实上可能存在的事实时，也可以用陈述语气。7. would rather 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气would rather/ would sooner和would just as soon等表示“宁愿”。其后的that引导的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的一种愿望。然而，若谈论的是过去的行为或情况，宾语从句则用过去完成形式。（二）倒装1.当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒桩，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修饰状语时用正常语序。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology.只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。其他如： only then, only once, only in America/ China, only after the accident等（2007.6）Only in the small town _________（他才感到安全和放松） Does he feel secure and relaxed.2.never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装这类词和词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no