直流电机控制系统的总体设计.doc

摘要 在电气时代的今天，电动机在工农业生产与人们日常生活中都起着十分重要的作用。直流电机作为最常见的一种电机，具有非常优秀的线性机械特性、较宽的调速范围、良好的起动性以及简单的控制电路等优点，因此在社会的各个领域中都得到了十分广泛的应用。 本文设计了直流电机控制系统的整体方案，阐述了该系统的基本结构、工作原理、运行特性及其设计方法。制作了以SPCE061A与SPGT62C19B为核心芯片的控制、测量及显示电路，实现了对普通直流电机的转速测量，利用PID算法实现PWM调速，并且通过LED显示等功能，各个控制部分简洁明了，便于修改和调试。本设计主要研究直流电机的控制和测量方法，从而对电机的控制精度、响应速度以及节约能源等都具有重要意义。 本设计先对控制系统的硬件部分作了具体的设计介绍及论述，然后对一些重要电子元器件及其参数的选择做了简介，最后对主要电路的设计进行重点描述。在软件部分首先介绍了整体设计，画出程序流程图，接着详细论述了软件实现方面的几个问题。本系统的软件设计，结构合理功能完善，占用系统资源少。 关键词 直流电机控制系统 直流电机 调速 测速 Abstract In the times of electric, the electromotor make an very important role in the production of industry and agriculture and in the everyday of everyone’s life. As the most useful motor, the DC(Direct current)motor has so many advantages such as the excellent characteristic of machine of linearity, the much wider range of timing, the nicer characteristic of starting and the easier circuit of controlling. So the DC motor is get the much wider applications in the every field in the modern society. This paper has designed a whole project of the control system of the DC motor, and expounded the basic structure of this system、the elements of working、the characteristic of operating and the approach of designing. This paper use the CMOS include SPCE061A and SPGT62C19B and design the control circuit、measure circuit and display circuit. It achieves to measure the rotate speed of the DC motor. In order to design to timing of PWM, it use the arithmetic of PID, and show the data with the LED and so on.. Every part of controlling is very concision for modifying and debugging. This project is mostly to research the way of controlling and measure of the DC motor, thereby it has important meaning for the control precision of motor，the speed of answer and save the energy sources. This paper make the material introduce of this plan and discuss for the part of hardware of the control system firstly, and then do some brief introductions of some important electron elements and their parameter, at last mak