计算机科学导论(硬件部分).ppt

中国科学技术大学 计算机科学导论（硬件部分） 周学海 xhzhou@ 0551-3601556, 3492271 中国科学技术大学 课程安排 授课 授课总学时6学时 每星期一（7,8） 地点：3124 内容 计算机硬件相关课程的定位 计算机硬件系统简介 Computing Devices Now 计算机硬件相关课程 数字逻辑 计算机组成原理 微型计算机原理与接口技术 计算机体系结构 …… Introduction 计算机系统的层次结构 Architecture Organization 1 Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented The operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications (規格说明). Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? Architecture Organization 2 All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture but with differences in organization. This gives code compatibility (兼容性) At least backwards Organization differs between different versions Structure Function A computer is a complex system, containing millions of elementary electronic components. A hierarchical system At each level in the hierarchy, structure and function are concerned. Structure is the way in which components (部件) relate to each other. Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure. Function All computer functions are: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control Functional view Operations (1) Data movement Operations (2) Storage Operation (3) Processing from/to storage Operation (4)Processing from storage to I/O Structure - Top Level Structure - The CPU Structure - The Control Unit A Top-Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection Program Concept Hardwired systems are inflexible General purpose hardware can do different tasks, given correct control signals Instead of re-wiring, supply a new set of control signals What is a program? A sequence of steps For each step, an arithmetic or logical opera