左右视野条件下文字识别和图形识别的反应时研究.doc

左右视野条件下文字识别和图形识别的反应时研究 曲之毅 0139226 (天津师范大学教育科学学院 应用心理专业01本科) 指导教师： 陈世平 摘 要: 本研究通过两因素被试内设计对32名被试在左右视野呈现条件下文字和图形识别的反应时进行了测量。实验表明，被试对词语异同判断的反应时要显著快于对图形异同判断的反应时，而左右视野在反应时上的主效应不显著，刺激材料与视野呈现方式的交互作用也不显著。被试在左视野呈现条件下对图形对异同判断的正确率显著大于右视野呈现条件下对图形对异同判断的正确率，为大脑左右半球功能差异提供了可靠的证据。此外，性别与刺激材料存在显著的交互作用，当呈现的刺激材料为词语对时，女生的反应时显著快于男生的反应时，当呈现的刺激材料为图形对时，女生的反应时也显著快于女生的反应时。 关键词: 左右视野，文字，图形，反应时。 Abstract:By means of two factors within-subjects design, the RTs were measured when 32 normal participants were performing the tasks of character and graph pairs judgement in the left or right visual field. The research showed that RTs of character pairs judgement was longer than those of graph pairs judgement and differences between character and graph judgement reached the significance level. But the main effect in RTs in the left or right visual field could not be found. The interaction between stimulus material and presentation in visual field could not be found, but the interaction between stimulus material and sex reached the significance level. The rate of correct answers for graph pairs judgement in left visual field was more than that in right visual field, and the rates of correct answers between them had marked differences. When the stimulus material was character pairs, female RTs were faster than male RTs and when the stimulus material was graph pairs, male RTs were lower than female RTs. The results provide the reliable evidence for functional asymmetry of cerebral hemispheres. Key words : right(left) visual field, character, graph, reaction time(RT). 问题的提出20世纪60年代以来，Rogers Sperry通过“割裂脑”技术对大脑左右半球分工的研究取得了丰硕的成果。他将患有某种癫痫发作病人的胼胝体切除，左右脑两半球即变成了两个分别独立地进行机能活动的组织。于是人们对大脑两半球机能的单侧化现象取得了一致的看法：左半球支配着言语表达能力，数学运算以及连续的分析综合思维，并符合逻辑；右半球支配着空间方位和图形认知，在方位知觉、音乐、绘画、雕刻等艺术活动方面具有优势。到1970年，传统上关于语言（左脑）和非语言（右脑）的二分法观点被放弃了。一些研究证明右半球也有部分的言语功能，但关于右脑的语言处理并未达成广泛共识，这一方面是由于左脑的优越性使右脑作用的显现受到限制，另一方面揭示右脑在语言处理中的作用受到方法的局限[1]。 目前采用PET、fMRI等神经影像技术为在无损伤条件下进行言语区的定位提供了强有力的手段，同时利用该技术研究人类工作记忆的脑机理也是一个十分活跃的研究领域。Johnides和Smith