history_of_britain_business 英美国家概况 教学课件.ppt

British Culture Society Chapter 2 History 1.The Origins of a Nation: from the prehistory to the Renaissance 1. 1 Early Settlers (5000BC—55BC) 1.1.1 Iberians The first known settlers 3000 BC Wiltshire and Dorset Henges Stonehenge in Wiltshire 2000 BC 1.1.2 The Beaker Folk 2000 BC From Holland and Rhineland Pottery making Bronze tools 1.1.3 The Celts 700 BC From France, Belgium and southern Germany Practised farmers and ironworkers Ancesters of Highland Scots, Irish, Welsh Their languages are the basis of Welsh and Gaelic 1. 2 Roman Britain (55BC—410AD) British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. Julius Caesar, invaded Britain in 55 BC and he returned the following year. But he did not really rule the island. The successful invasion, headed by the Emperor Claudius, came in AD 43. They ruled Britain for four centuries. Roman Empire 117 AD The Romans built a network of towns and a network of roads. From London, roads radiated all over the country. They also brought the new religion, Christianity. They pulled out in AD 410. The Roman impact on the Britons was surprisingly limited. They left behind only roads, a few place names, and clusters of Christian converts. 1.3 The Anglo-Saxons (446-871) From mid-5th century Three Teutonic tribes: Jutes, Saxons, Angles from Denmark and Germany They were invited to drive out Celts, but after that they settled down and established their own kingdoms. The name England comes from the words Angle land. Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Heptarchy Christianity In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. Christianity was gradually established in England, although there were disagreements between Roman missionaries and Celtic missionaries. Pope Gregory I Saint Augustine of Canterbury Roman churches: Pope’s supreme authority, prevailing in England; Celtic churches: self-governed, prevailing in Ireland. Northern Ireland problem Anglo-Saxon kings did not have abs