Lecture 12 Primary Production – Nutrient Stoichiometry 华盛顿大学-海洋化学课件.pptVIP

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Lecture 12 Primary Production – Nutrient Stoichiometry 华盛顿大学-海洋化学课件.ppt

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Lecture 12 Primary Production – Nutrient Stoichiometry 华盛顿大学-海洋化学课件

* Lecture 12 Primary Production – Nutrient Stoichiometry Topics Stoichiometry Biolimiting Elements Broecker two-box model (Broecker, 1971) v is in cm y-1 see Fig. 2 of Broecker (1971) Broecker (1971) defines some parameters for the 2-box model g = B / input = (VmixCD + VrCr – VmixCs) / VmixCd + VrCr f = VrCr / B = VrCr / (VmixCd + VrCr - VmixCs) f x g In his model Vr = 10 cm y-1 Vmix = 200 cm y-1 so Vmix / Vr = 20 Here are some values: g f f x g N 0.95 0.01 0.01 P 0.95 0.01 0.01 C 0.20 0.02 0.004 Si 1.0 0.01 0.01 Ba 0.75 0.12 0.09 Ca 0.01 0.12 0.001 Q. Explain these values and why they vary the way they do. because fB = VrCr fraction of element removed to sediment per visit to the surface fraction of input removed as B See Broecker (1971) Table 3 Why is this important for chemical oceanography? What controls ocean C, N, P? g ≈ 1.0 Mass Balance for whole ocean: ?C/ ?t = VRCR – f B CS = 0; CD = CD VU = VD = VMIX Negative Feedback Control: if VMIX ↑ VUCD ↑ B ↑ f B ↑ (assumes f will be constant!) assume VRCR ? then CD ↓ (because total ocean balance VUCD ↓ has changed; sink source) B ↓ CS CD if VMIX = m y-1 and C = mol m-3 flux = mol m-2 y-1 The nutrient concentration of the deep ocean will adjust so that the fraction of B preserved in the sediments equals river input! Example: Perturbation analysis – Mass Balance Control Double Upwelling Rate sequence of events Paleo record Double rate of ocean mixing VrCr = fB at the beginning and at the end! The deep concentration (Cd) is cut in half Example: Perturbation Analysis Double River Input Controls on Atmospheric CO2 Remarkable consistency for glacial/interglacial concentrations of CO2 Main Control on atm CO2 is B flux! How do we get from the marine food web to a global assessment of CO2 flux??? With great difficulty! Chemical Composition of Biological Particulate Material Hard Parts - Shells Name Mineral Size (mm) Plants Coccoliths CaCO3 Calcite 5 Di