Lecture 14 Export Flux of Carbon Traced 华盛顿大学-海洋化学课件.pptVIP

* Lecture 14 Export Flux of Carbon Traced by 234Th Food Web Cartoon PON DON Euphotic Zone (~100m) At steady state: New NO3 = O2 flux to atm = PON (and DON) export Follow the N! Follow the C! Follow the O2! see EH, p. 187 Global Carbon Fluxes Sarmiento and Gruber Export Flux f = 11/50 = 22% Total Global New Production from NO3 upwelling (from Chavez and Toggweiler) estimated upward velocity, NO3 concentration advected up and then new production f = 7.2/50 = 14% Marine Particles- basic facts Methods classically define suspended vs. sinking particles ? filtration ? sediment traps Methods matter! Settling velocity proportional to (radius)2 density difference ? size matters ? and so does density (ballast; sinking speed) ? and so does chemistry (degradation; surface properties) Marine Particles- basic facts Sources: biogenic material dominates surface open ocean vs. inorganic/detrital What are the characteristics of the particles that sink? The “Fabulous Faecal Photo” from Debbie Steinberg Mesozooplankton: A copepod Marine snow aggregates Inanimate particles greater than 0.5 mm diameter The principal vehicles for downward particle flux Diatoms rule! (the upper ocean POC flux) ? large ? rapidly sinking ? bSi ballast ? bioprotection ? mass aggregation Settling Rate - You can calculate the flux! Estimated from Stokes Law of Settling. This equation was derived assuming smooth, spherical particles sinking rate = Us = a B r2 (cm sec-1) where: r is a linear dimension, the equivalent spherical radius of the particle is a shape factor; The density difference, or excess density, is written as Dr. B is a parameter that depends on the nature of the fluid and the particulate material but not on size. B = 2 g (rp - rw) / 9? (cm-1 sec-1) rp is the density of particles and rw is the density of seawater For water (at 20?C) the density of seawater is rw = 1.025 g cm-3 and viscosity