Lecture 2 Passive voice 汉英翻译 教学课件.pptVIP

Translation skills 1. 按原句顺序翻译 原文中含有如“被、受、遭、给、让、叫、为”等表示被动意义的词时按原句顺序译。 他被选为学生会主席。 He was elected Chairman/President of the Students’ Union. 琼斯太太深受大家尊敬。 Mrs. Jones is greatly respected by everyone. 窗玻璃叫那孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。 The windowpane was broken by the child and he will certainly get scolded. Exercises 1.他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。 2.很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。 3.那个男孩受了重伤，医院立即把他收下了。 4. 很快就要讨论这个问题了。 5. 病人正在动手术。 1.他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。 I was astounded/shocked (to learn/know) that he was going to offer me a job. 2.很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。 I’m very sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain. 3.那个男孩受了重伤，医院立即把他收下了。 The boy who was seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital. 4.很快就要讨论这个问题了。 The question will be discussed soon. 5. 病人正在动手术。 The patient is being operated on. * * Passive Voice What is the difference between passive voice in English and that in Chinese? 英语中，被动语态使用广泛。凡是不必说出施事者、不愿说出施事者，不知施事者，或者便于上下文衔接等原因，均用被动语态。 科技英语被动语态用得多，是因为被动结构主观成分很少，更注重客观事实；更能突出主要论证，说明对象；而且在许多情况下，英语被动语态比主动语态更加简短。 汉语中被动语态用得较少，主要有两种。一种是原文中含有被动结构如，“被、受、遭、给、让、叫、为”等，另一种是用词汇暗示被动语气。“予以、加以等”。 部分汉语被动句可译成英文主动句，同时保持原句顺序： 老太太被大风吹病了。 The old lady fell ill because of the strong wind. 天太冷，水管都给冻住了。 It was so cold that the water pipes froze. 他被那响声吓了一跳。 He startled at the noise. 2. 化主动为被动 Some active structures can also be translated in passive structure in English. 我国人民每年都要热烈庆祝“十一”国庆节。 National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1st by the Chinese people every year. 中美已经建立了外交关系。 Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States. 一群人立刻把他围住，提了一个又一个的问题。 Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions. 他出现在舞台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 面试时，问了10个问题，她全都答对了。 She was asked ten questions in the interview and answered every one of them correctly. ３. 无主句的翻译 无主句形式上没有施事者，或施事者比较泛。翻译时第一步是确定其施事者,然后确定是译成被动句还是主动句 看，下雪了。 Look, it’s snowing