week7-8,2009 化学专业英语 教学课件.pptVIP

2.2 Nomenclature of hydrocarbons 2.2.3 Nomenclature of parent part-----Nomenclature of aromatic compounds (arenes) Aliphatic compounds contain Aromatic compounds have a higher hydrogen-to-carbon relative few hydrogens ratio and are obtained from compared to the number of the chemical degradation of carbons, and are typically fats. found in oils produced by trees and other plants. The word of “aromatic” means fragrance. 2.2.3 Nomenclature of parent part-----Nomenclature of aromatic compounds (arenes) The criteria a compound must meet to be classified as aromatic: It must have an uninterrupted cloud of delocalized π electrons circling above and below the plane of the molecule. This implies that the compound must be cyclic and planar. (Notice that in order to have an uninterrupted cloud of delocalized π electrons, all the atoms in the ring must be sp2 hybridized.) The π cloud must contain an odd number of pairs of π electrons. (It must have 2n+1 pairs or 4n+2 of electrons.) 2.2.3 Nomenclature of parent part-----Nomenclature of aromatic compounds (arenes) 2.2.3.1 Nomenclature of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons The process is: determining the root name of the parent ring; determining priority, name, and position number of substituents; and assembling the name in alphabetical order. 2.2.3 Nomenclature of parent part-----Nomenclature of aromatic compounds (arenes) Common Parent Ring Systems 2.2.3 Nomenclature of parent part-----Nomenclature of aromatic compounds (arenes) Some common substituents change the root name of the ring. IUPAC accepts these as root names. benzene toluene xylene styrene cumene mesitylene phenyl benzyl 2.2.3 N