神经系统生理—张雄(2009Nerve1.pptVIP

Classification of Nerve Fibers Fiber Type Function Diameter (μm) Conduction Velocity (m/s) Spike Duration(ms) Absolute Refractory Period(ms) A α Proprioception; somatic motor 12-20 70-120 0.4-0.5 0.4-1 ? Touch; pressure 5-12 30-70 0.4-0.5 0.4-1 ? Motor to muscle spindles 3-6 15-30 0.4-0.5 0.4-1 ? Pain, touch, temperature 2-5 12-30 B Preganglionic autonomic 3 3-15 1.2 1.2 C Pain, reflex responses 0.4-1.2 0.5-2 2 2 Postaganglionic 0.3-1.3 0.7-2.3 2 2 Classification of sensory nerve Number Origin Fiber Type I a b Muscle spindle-annulospiral ending, Glogi tendon organ Aα Aα II Muscle spindle-flower receptors, touch ,pressure Aβ III Pain and temperature receptor, some touch receptors Aδ IV Pain and other receptors Dorsal root C Types of Neuroglia CNS Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte Microglia Ependymal cells PNS Schwann cell Satellite cell Function of Neuroglia Support, nourish and protect neurons Part 3. Transmission of Information Between the Neurons Transmission of Information Between the Neurons Chemical transmission Classical synapse Non-synaptic chemical transmission Electrical transmission Gap junction Classical synapse Structure Presynaptic membrane Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels Transmitter vesicles Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic membrane Receptors Connection of Synapse Synaptic transmission: the principle of “one-way”conduction at chemical synapses Transmit signals from presynaptic neuron to postsynaptic neuron 1. AP 2. Ca2+ channel open 3. Transmitter release Exocytosis 4. Transmitter + receptor 5. Postsynaptic potential (AP) 6. Neurotransmitter removed from synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter Molecules that are released on excitation by a presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft and cause a change in the postsynaptic membrane potential Binding to specific receptor Excitatory transmitter: opens cation channels directly or indirectly. Inhibitory transmitter: opens anion channe