科哲课-生物医学研究伦理问题.pptVIP

Whats wrong with biomedical research？ The goal of BMR to produce medical treatments that are both safe and effective at providing genuine medical benefit 3 二、以人为受试者的生物医学研究的历史与教训 Three interrelated dimensions of BMR goal 4 一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义 5 一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义 Epistemic failures worries regarding “external validity” −the continued holding of the claim outside the trial population; − the conditions under which many trials are conducted are far from the ideal; − for reasons enable to raise concerns in patients 9 一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义 10 二、以人为受试者的生物医学研究的历史与教训 enormous inequalities in the global allocation of funds to research different diseases 11 一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义 chronic, i.e., not curable, but treatabel not lethal affect wealthy people current researched diseases have the following properties ： Socio-economic failures 1.lack of innovation −the majority of ‘new’ drugs in the market are slight modifications of existing substances −the FDA requires drugs to be tested only relative to placebos Socio-economic failures 2.Exploding health costs. −U.S. patients have to pay far more for their drugs than consumers in comparable countries 14