高中英语语法---虚拟语气精讲和练习.doc

虚拟语气（一） [语法导读] 虚拟语气表示说话者的愿望、假设、怀疑或推测，所说的话或与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。我们现在就以下面这两个句子为例来迈入虚拟语气的大门。 1. He is busy now. If he were free, he would go with you. 2. I wish I could go to the movie with you tonight, but I have to finish my homework then. 第1个句子中的“忙碌”是现在的事实，这样后面句子中的“空闲”则是与现在事实相反的假设，所以“和你一起去”也与现在事实相反。因此，if从句的谓语用一般过去式were（be动词的过去式一般用were），而主句的谓语用“would +动词原形”。 第2个句子中的主句的谓语是wish，从后面but表示的转折的意义看，“今晚我去看电影”是不现实的，所以从句的谓语用“could +动词原形”。 [寻规找矩] 请观察下列几组句子，特别要注意其中谓语动词的不同形式。 1. a. If I were you, I would accept the invitation and attend the meeting. b. If he studied harder, he would pass all the examinations. 2. a. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year round. b. Peter wishes that he had studied law instead of literature when he was in college. c. I wish it would stop raining soon so that we could go hiking as planned. [功能小结] 通过观察分析以上几组例句，我们可以发现与之相对应的虚拟语气的用法： 一、虚拟语气用在条件句中 与现在事实相反：从句的谓语用一般过去式（be动词的过去式通常用were），主句的谓语用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。 二、虚拟语气用在wish引导的宾语从句中 　　 在wish 后接的宾语从句中，谓语要用过去的某种时态表示虚拟语气。 1. 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用一般过去式； 2. 表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用“had +过去分词”或“could / would + have + 过去分词”； 3. 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用“would / could + 动词原形”。 [即学即练] I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。 1. I failed the exam. How I wish I ______ (remember) all those English words before the test! 2. If I ______ (be) ten years younger, I would accept the offer and do the job. 3. We wish we ______ (live) on the moon in the future. 4. I don’t know the word. If I ______ (know) the meaning of it, I wouldn’t have to look it up. II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — Have you ever been to Beijing? — No, but I wish I ______. A. have B. will C. do D. had 2. If there were no water in the world, everything ______. A. will die　　 B. would die　 C. would have died D. have died 3. I wish that I ______ with you last night. A. could have gone B. could go 　　 C. have gone　　　 D. went 4. If I ______ you, I ______ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. w