克拉克的技术模式与中国旧石器技术演化研究-中国考古.PDFVIP

克拉克的“技术模式”与中国旧石器 技术演化研究 李  锋 关键词：克拉克  技术模式  中国  旧石器  区域多样化 KEYWORDS: Grahame Clark (1907-1995) Technological Mode China Paleolithic Regional Diversity ABSTRACT: The study on the evolution of the lithic technologies is one of the important topics of the Paleolithic Archaeology. As early as in the 1960s and 70s, Grahame Clark, a British archaeologist, has put forward the“technological modes”which outlined the main evolution stages of the lithic technologies since the emergence of the stone tools. However, the application of this“technological modes”approach in China underestimated the temporal and spatial diversities of the development of the lithic technologies in the Paleolithic Age of China, hindered the development of the studies on the evolution of the lithic technologies in the Paleolithic Age of China and undervalued the contribution of the Paleolithic archaeology of China to the world archaeology. Therefore, we should discard Clark’s“technological modes”in our studies on the Paleolithic archaeology. The studies on the evolution of the lithic technologies in the Paleolithic Age of China should focus on the technological evolution itself, observe the evolution of the lithic technologies in a regional prospect and explore the research methods suitable for the evolution progress of the lithic technologies in the Paleolithic Age of China. 事物的演化具有阶段性，人类行为的演 面，人类行为常受到区域自然环境的影响， 化阶段通常是具有一定的时间和空间分布的 如石器技术的发挥受到石器原料质量和富集 物质文化组合。作为旧石器时代考古学人类 程度的影响，同时地区资源也会限制人类的 行为研究重要内容的石器技术演化过程，常 食物组成，形成获取特定资源的技术。 被研究者总结为不同的演化阶段。随着区域 尽管如此，人类行为演化的阶段性仍是 研究的深入，研究者对技术演化过程的认知 比较明显的，考古学资料中常存在流行于特 也会发生改变，或将其中的阶段细化，或将 定时段和特定区域的物质文化组合。