血红蛋白和免疫球蛋白PPT.ppt

1、Concepts 基本概念 2、Reversible Binding of a Ligand to a Protein: 肌红蛋白和血红蛋白 3、Complementary Interactions between Proteins and Ligands: 免疫系统和免疫球蛋白;本次作业（第三次作业） 海拔高度调控别构效应子BPG浓度的分子基础（或可以理解为海拔高度如何决定代谢产物BPG的浓度）。 免疫记忆的分子基础。;配基(ligand): A molecule bound reversibly by a protein is called a ligand. A ligand may be any kind of molecule, including another protein. A ligand binds at a site on the protein called the binding site, which is complementary to the ligand in size, shape, charge, and hydrophobic or hydrophilic character.;The binding of a protein and ligand is often coupled to a conformational change in the protein that makes the binding site more complementary to the ligand, permitting tighter binding. The structural adaptation that occurs between protein and ligand is called induced fit (诱导契合).;结合常数;解离常数;低解离常数与亲和层析;Enzymes represent a special case of protein function. Enzymes bind and chemically transform other molecules-- they catalyze reactions. The molecules acted upon by enzymes are called reaction substrates (底物) rather than ligands, and the substrate-binding site is called the catalytic site (催化位点) or active site (活性位点).;Interactions between ligands and proteins may be regulated, usually through specific interactions with one or more additional ligands. These other ligands may cause conformational changes in the protein that affect the binding of the first ligand. (for example, the case of BPG) Allosteric (变构效应) - an effect that affects the activity of one part of an enzyme (such as an active site) by the binding of a molecule at a different site (regulatory site) at a different location on the enzyme. ;Changes in conformation may be subtle, reflecting molecular vibrations and small movements of amino acid residues throughout the protein. A protein flexing (挠动) in this way is sometimes said to “breathe” ;Grd19/SNX3;Changes in conformation may also be quite dramatic, with major segments of the protein structure moving as much as several nanometers. Specific