汉英翻译技巧(周一）.pptVIP

主要内容 一. 英语的主谓结构 二.汉语流水长句的翻译 三.汉译英短句的合并 四. 翻译腔的规避 补充内容： 一. 经典文学作品句子翻译欣赏(下载讲义） 二. 重要的经济、政治、外交词汇（下载讲义） 三. 英语四级翻译（第十五周） 英语句子的特点 主谓结构主次分明 翻译时应注意： 1. 找到主谓结构，就确定了句子的中轴 孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。 Kong was the only long-gowned customer to drink his wine standing. 2 避免主次不明 我将更加专心学习,更努力克服困难,废寝忘食,学好英语。 I will concentrate more on my studies, overcome more difficulty, forget meals and and sleep, and study English well. 改译：I will concentrate more on studies with greater effort to overcome difficulties, sacrificing the time for meals and rest, so as to master English. 翻译要点 ：2 避免主次混淆 3 避免主次混淆 四分卫把球夹在臂下冲过了门线。 注：四分卫（quarterback是橄榄球赛中的助理球员。) Rushing across the goal-line, the quarterback carried the ball under his arm. 改译：The quarterback rushed across the goal-line with the ball under his arm. 避免主次混淆 他手里拿着毕业证书和同学们说说笑笑、兴高采烈地回家了。 Going back home, he had his certificate in his hand, talking merrily with his classmates. 英语主谓结构与汉语“主题+述题”结构对译 1.老师课上讲的，我总是把他们记下来。 A. What teachers say in Class, I have always taken notes of it. B. I have always taken notes of what teachers say in class. 2. 他离婚的事从来没人跟我说过。 Nobody has ever told me anything about his divorce. 改变原句主语 1. 学习英语要一步一步来。 A. To learn English should be step by step. B. To learn English, one should go step by step. 2.谁都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦的。 A. Everybody knows that the Korean battlefield was rather hard. B. Everybody knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. 英语比较注重客体思维，常用非人称的物体或是抽象概念充当句子的主语。汉语则比较注重主体思维，常用人称作主语。基于这一差异，翻译时可做相应转换。 一看到米粉，我就想起了我的家乡。 The sight of the rice noodles reminded me of my hometown. 主谓的搭配 1.现在，人们的生活离开不了电视。 A. Now people’s life can’t leave TV. B. Now it is impossible for people to live without TV. 2.读书可以增长知识。 A. Reading books can acquire knowledge . B. Through reading one can acquire knowledge. 主语的形式 吃得太多，并不会使人更健康；相反，吃得太多，尤其是吃含脂肪多的食物，会对人体的健康有害。因此，节食是可取的。 Eating too much will not make people healthier; on the contrary, too much food, especially fatty food, will do harm to people’s health. Therefore, to be