气与天门-湖南博物馆.PDFVIP

气与天门 ——从马王堆帛画看汉代丧葬用玉璧的功能与象征意义 Vapor and the Heavenly Gate—The Function and Symbolic Meaning of Using Jade Discs in Han Funerals as Seen from the Paintings on Silk from Mawangdui 震旦博物馆 寻婧元 Xun Jingyuan, Aurora Museum 内容提要：本文以汉代墓葬出土的一类尺寸较大的玉璧为基本研究对象，结合马王 堆帛画等图像材料，探讨其在丧葬礼俗中的具体功能，进而扩展讨论丧葬仪式中经 常出现的璧形图案的象征意义，提出马王堆帛画中有关“升仙”过程的一种合理假 设，并揭示这一过程背后的生死观理论基础。笔者认为两汉墓葬中出土的尺寸较大 的璧大多数是作为沟通现世和异世界的通道而出现的，人死后身体中的气能够通过 神龙的引导穿越璧门，到达天门所在的异世界，之后重新聚气为“仙”，从而实现 最终的“永寿”。 关键词：西汉 玉璧 天门 Abstract: This paper uses large-size jade discs unearthed from Han tombs as the object of study and, with combination of such images as the paintings on silk from Mawangdui, explores the specific function of jade discs in funeral rituals. It then further discusses the symbolic meaning of the image of the jade disc in funeral rituals, proposes a reasonable hypothesis about the process of “becoming an immortal” in the paintings on silk from Mawangdui, and uncovers the theoretical basis for the life-and-death concept behind this process. The author believes that most of the large-size jade discs unearthed from tombs of the two Han dynasties appeared as a channel for the communication between this world and the strange world. After a person died, the vapor inside his body could go through the jade gate under the guidance of the divine dragon to reach the strange world where the heavenly gate lay. Then the vapor could gather again to become “immortal” so as to realize the eventual “longevity”. Key words: Western Han; jade disc; heavenly gate · · 522 气与天门 证明假设观点的过程中，往往会因为证据的 一 引 言 缺乏而得出空泛且近乎猜想的结论。为了解 本文讨论分