生物信息学第5章分子进化分析.pptVIP

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2018-01-31 发布于广东
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生物信息学第5章分子进化分析.ppt

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第五章分子进化分析 MOLECULAR EVOLUTION ANALYSIS Examples in Pharmaceutical Research Examples in Forensic Science Phylogenetic methods may be used to solve crimes, test purity of products, and determine whether endangered species have been smuggled or mislabeled: Vogel, G. 1998. HIV strain analysis debuts in murder trial. Science 282(5390): 851-853. Lau, D. T.-W., et al. 2001. Authentication of medicinal Dendrobium species by the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. Planta Med 67:456-460. Metzker, M. L., et al. 2002. Molecular evidence of HIV-1 transmission in a criminal case. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(22):14292-14297. Outline Molecular evolution basis Infering molecular phylogeny Models of molecular evolution The neutral theory UPGMAunweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means END A Louisiana doctor was found guilty last week of attempted murder for injecting a former lover with HIV-infected blood--the first time that a DNA analysis of HIV strains was used in a criminal court in the United States. Although the specifics of this case might be rare, the same kind of evidence could be used whenever the source of a fast-mutating virus is at issue--for example, in cases involving transmission of HIV, food poisoning, or even biological warfare. And expert witnesses on both sides have said that the case points to the need for an explicit set of rules governing the use of such evidence in the courts. * Pharmaceutical researchers may use phylogenetic methods to determine which species are most closely related to other medicinal species, thus perhaps sharing their medicinal qualities: Komatsu, K., et al. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene and matK gene sequences of Panax vietnamensis and five related species. Planta Med 67:461-465. UPGMAunweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means *