遗传药理学总论ppt课件.pptVIP

PHARMACOGENETICS – the study of the role of inheritance in inter-individual variation in drug response PHARMACOGENOMICS – the use of DNA sequence information to measure and predict the reactions of individuals to drugs Often, these terms are used interchangeably Paradox of Modern Drug Development Variation in human genomics 90% of human inherited variability is produced by SNP There are 1 SNP in 100 - 300 base pairs in the over three billion DNA base pairs The SNP are in both coded and nocoded area in genome Ususlly not affect to cellular function but Disease susceptibility and drug effect CYP phenotypes and effect Define function of genetic variants of biomarkers related to drug safety and efficacy; Define genetic (SNP) profile related to drug safety and efficacy; Drug development; Personalized medicine. Two Ways of Clinical Trials in PGt Identify suitable loci using in vitro studies Generate possible treatment hypotheses Select suitable patients Enrichment studies Prove that the treatment works for these patients Identify potential drugs Find those that work in general Find those the drugs on patients are considerable Search for genetic subgroups Functional test of variant Bioinformatics in Pharmacogenomics Study (Molecular) bio – informatics: bioinformatics is conceptualising biology in terms of molecules (in the sense of Physical chemistry) and applying “informatics techniques” (derived from disciplines such as applied maths, computer science and statistics) to understand and organise the information associated with these molecules, on a large scale. In short, bioinformatics is a management information system for molecular biology and has many practical applications. Perfect Drug for PGx Intervention Clinically evidenced Commonly prescribed Narrow therapeutic window Great hazard if outside of therapeutic window Significant variability in individual response to standard dosages No good alternative Ethical, Legal and Social Implications Fairness in the use o