独立主格重点讲座及针对练习题.docVIP

高中英语--独立主格讲座 一、独立主格的定义 独立主格结构不是句子，独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。独立主格结构在句中做状语，。常见的独立主格结构 1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间动宾关系。如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 　　So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如：The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。名词/主格代词+介词短语名词/主格代词+介词短语如：如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。 比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 　　Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 7. There being +名词（代词）独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。　　There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。8. It being +名词（代词）独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。　　It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。 独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with　　’ll be very busy again.新学期很快就要开始了，我们又要忙起来了。 Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。　　He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。独立主格结构的功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间原因、条件