二级主要语法.doc

时态 一、一般现在时：（注意第三人称单数、be和实义动词的变化,加s或es） 表示现在的事实或状态； He is teacher. She is pretty. They are students. 表示经常、反复进行的行为。(标志词often,always,usually,sometimes,every,once a week Bob goes to school every day.(week) Mary watches TV in the evening. I do my homework on Monday. 否定形式： Bob doesn’t go to school every day.(week) Mary doesn’t watches TV in the evening. I don’t do homework on Monday. 二、现在进行时:表示此刻正在进行的动作，be动词要随着人称变化而变化。（标志词：now, at this time, these days） Be(am, is, are)+v.ing(一定要有be) The clown is playing with the children. 否定形式： The clown is not playing with the children. 三、一般过去时：(标志词：ago, yesterday, last，this moring) 1）表示过去的事实或状态；(be—was/were) He was very busy an hour ago. They were students last year. 2)表示在过去某个时间所作的事情;(直接将实义动词变成过去式,规则、不规则) She bought many books this morning. He played tennis with his friend last Tuesday. 直接加ed watch open 以e结尾的动词后直接加d danced closed 以辅音+y结尾的动词后，先把y变成i加ed carry cry 特殊play是元音加y，所以直接加ed，played 以一个元音+一个辅音结尾的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed Hop—hopped stop--stopped skip—skipped shop--shopped 第二部分 句式 肯定句：主语（头）+谓语（脖子be或实义动词）+宾语（身体） She has a brother. We have lessons on Friday. He is playing basketball now.(现在进行时) He plays basketball every afternoon.(一般现在时) He played basketball last week.(一般过去时) 二、一般疑问句： 1）如果谓语（脖子）是be,直接将be提到句首; Is he playing basketball now? No，he isn’t. Yes, he is. Are they students? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t. 2)如果谓语（脖子）是实义动词，要把实义动词变回原形，在句首加上助动词do, does, did(过去时用did)； Does she has a brother? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. Do you have lessons on Friday? Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t. Does he play basketball every afternoon? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Did he play basketball last week? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. They have English lessons twice a week. Do they have English lessons twice a week? Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(how, how many, how much, how often, how old, how tall, how long, what, when, which, whose, who, why) He climbs mountains every Sunday. Does he climb mountains every Sun