早龄期混凝土PPT.ppt

Chapter 10 concrete at early ages 10.5.3 Factors Affecting Workability and Their Control Water content. for a given maximum size of coarse aggregate, the slump or the consistency of concrete is a direct function of the water content; i.e., within limits it is independent of other factors such as aggregate grading and cement content. Concrete mixtures with very high consistency tend to segregate and bleed, thereby adversely affecting the finishability; mixtures with too low a consistency may be difficult to place and compact, and the coarse aggregate may segregate on placement. Chapter 10 concrete at early ages Cement content. With conventional portland-cement concrete at a given water content, a drastic reduction of the cement content would produce a harsh mixture with poor finishability. Concrete mixtures containing a very high cement content or high proportion of fine particles show excellent cohesiveness but tend to be sticky. Chapter 10 concrete at early ages Aggregate characteristics. The particle size of coarse aggregate influences the water requirement for a given consistency (Table 9-2). Also, very fine sands or angular sands require more water for a given consistency. Alternatively, they will produce harsh and unworkable mixtures at the water content that might have been adequate with a coarse or a well-rounded sand. Chapter 10 concrete at early ages Admixtures. when the water content of a concrete mixture is held constant, the addition of a water-reducing admixture will increase the consistency. Entrained air increases the paste volume and improves the consistency of concrete for a given water content (Table 9-2). It also increases cohesiveness by reducing bleeding and segregation. The improvement in consistency and cohesiveness by air entrainment is more pronounced in harsh and unworkable mixtures such as those used in mass concrete, which has a low cement content. Pozzolanic admixtures tend to reduce bleeding and improve the cohesiveness of concre