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A study of the role played by renewable energies in China’s sustainable energy supply Abstract: This paper first provides an overview of the context of renewable energy development in China, including the country’s recent renewable energy legislation. Further, it summarizes the current status of renewable energy development and the role it plays in the national energy supply. Next it introduces the national indicative targets for renewable energies in 2010 and 2020, and conducts a long term scenario of the role of renewable energies in China’s energy system transition till 2050. It discusses the main risks involved in China’s renewable energy development, and proposes some policy measures for risk management. Keywords: Renewable energy,Energy supply,Market development,Public policy,China Introduction China is the largest developing country as well as the second largest energy consumer and carbon dioxide emitter in the world .China’s energy issue has recently become a focus of many talks regarding global energy, environment, and security. Domestically, it is the first time that the Chinese Central Government set a target for improving energy efficiency of the economy together with the economic growth target in its social and economic development plan during the 11th Five-Year-Plan period 1, which was endorsed by the Congress in March 2006. The features of China’s energy system evolution in the future will have significant implications on global energy investment, energy market restructuring, and environmental protection. Increasing the share of renewable energies could be an important dimension of China’s energy system transition. China’s Renewable Energy Law was passed by the Congress on February 28, 2005, and took effect on January 1, 2006. The Law recognizes the strategic role of renewable energies in optimizing China’s energy supply mix, mitigating environmental pollution,improving energy supply security, and promoting rural social development. It also directly