SSD2上课pptUnit2-1.pptVIP

Unit 2. Hardware Systems Unit 2 : Hardware Systems 2.1 Processor and Memory 2.2 Peripherals 2.3 Storage Devices 2.4 Putting Together the Hardware Components 2.5 Improving Computer Performance Hardware Systems Hardware — the physical components that make up a computer system. Hardware Components The microprocessor, also called the processor, is the main component that executes instructions stored in the main memory. storage devices store data permanently. Peripherals enable data input and output. Chipset controls data flow among components. Unit 2 : Hardware Systems 2.1 Processor and Memory 2.2 Peripherals 2.3 Storage Devices 2.4 Putting Together the Hardware Components 2.5 Improving Computer Performance 2.1 Processor and Memory The processor and memory are essential components that enable a computer to process commands. The processor carries out instructions given to the computer. These instructions are stored in the computers memory. 2.1 Processor and Memory 2.1.1 Processor Basics 2.1.2 Types of Memory 2.1.3 Lab: Benchmarking (Optional) 2.1.1?Processor Basics 1) Processor 2) Instruction Execution with the CPU 3) Performance: Factors and Measures 4) Types of Processors 1) Processor processor ( microprocessor, or CPU (Central Processing Unit)). The job of a microprocessor is to execute a series of machine instructions. Physically, the microprocessor is a single chip known as an integrated circuit (IC). Each chip is made out of silicon and it contains millions of transistors packed onto a chip. Processor Components Control Unit: accesses instructions stored in memory, interprets what they mean, and then dispatches them. Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) : performs arithmetic, logic operations needed to process the instructions. Registers: special high-speed storage areas within the CPU for data be processed by the CPU . Cache: special high-speed memory that stores most recently used data in order to speed up the process of