新版轮机英语unit22Marinedisalinationplants.pptVIP

22 Marine desalination plants A considerable amount of fresh water is consumed in a ship. The crew uses on average about 70 liter/person/day and in a passenger ship, consumption can be as high as 225/ Liter/person/day. Water used in the machinery spaces as make up for cooling system losses may be fresh or distilled (蒸馏水） but distilled water is essential for steam plant where there is a water tube boiler. Steamship consumption for the propulsion plant (推进装置） and hotel services can be as high as 50 tons /day. It is now common practice to take on only a minimal supply of portable water in port and to make up the rest by distillation of seawater. maximal The saved storage capacity for water, is available for cargo and increases the earning（盈利） power of the ship. A vessel which carries sufficient portable water for normal requirements is required, if ocean-going（远洋航行的）, to carry distillation plant for emergency use. The state（状况，国家） of the art of distilling plant design has evolved （发展）considerably. A variety of distilling plant designs has been developed from which the most appropriate system for a given marine power plant can be selected. The distillation plant designs most commonly considered for marine use can be broadly classified as those using: Flash evaporators （闪发式蒸发器） Spray-film（喷膜式） evaporators Submerged-tube（潜管式） evaporators Plate-type evaporators（平板式） Vapor-compression cycles（蒸汽压缩式循环） Membrane processes（膜式） 它的特点是海水加热器与蒸发器彼此分开，经加热器加热的海水喷到高度真空的闪发室中作雾状蒸发，因此有利于淡水质量的提高和防止蒸发器内部结垢。与前一种比较，由于闪发室内没有传热表面，故这种装置又称为无传热表面式制淡装置。 Flash evaporators The multistage（多级） flash evaporators was a revolutionary（革命性的） design development, because unlike submerge-tube evaporators, Which have heating surfaces submerged in boiling seawater, the flash-evaporator concept causes seawater to “flash” into water vapor; No boiling occurs in the heat-transfer surfaces （受热面）. Flash evaporators become widely accepted for application in marine distilling plants primarily（主要的） because of their low